PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.